Law and Social Order. Criminal justice in Canada Essay

Law and kind Order. Criminal jurist in Canada - Essay ExampleLaw and Social Order. Criminal justice in CanadaIn Canada, the criminal justice system stabilizes the objectives of crime control, prevention and protection of citizens rights (Grossman & Roberts, 15). The general justice system consists of three branches legislative, adjudications, and in conclusion corrections. The above three branches are very important in the criminal justice system, the legislative branch deals with the process of making laws that govern the country and support In the implementation, of justice, in the country. While the adjudications part is where judgments are passed, and justice is accomplished, the corrections include jails and other probation facilities. Off lasters are taken to the places whenever they are found guilty, one stay in the correctional facilities depending on the magnitude of ones case. The police enhance the activities of criminal justice systems they are the first individuals who are contacted when citizens have either problems. The courts serve as avenues where disputes are settled and whomever, the judge in this case passes judgment and has the final say in the court.The criminal justice system is make to main functions, which all aim at protecting the society. It aims at controlling crime, preventing criminal activities from occurring now and then and finally maintaining justice In line with the put down rules or the constitution (Klein, 695). The society makes it task of the institutions of the criminal justice system to control, prevent crime and maintenance of justice law enforcement, courts and corrections. The police are responsible for law enforcement at both local and state levels. Discretion is judgment and judgment is exercised by applying ethics and values to facts. Actors in the criminal justice system substitute their judgments for formal statutory punishments in order to influence criminal justice system by the means. It allows judges to create their own judgments depending on their own views even if these judgments are not in line with the rule of law. Criminal trials in Canada are done either before the judge solely or before the judge and jury. Although discretion is especially important in the criminal justice system, it buns be abused. Some judgments are made wrongly, and the victims end up being charged for the crimes they did not commit. This is very common in the many courts where the judge makes a judgment without proper evidence and from hearsays. The police can abuse discretion by arresting a suspected criminal and putting them in jail for a crime not committed (Canadian ostracize Association, 5). Although they are aimed at protecting the people of the community, they should have good evidence before making a claim. Law enforcers sometimes term investigations as a waste of time and money and the suspects are pushed to courts to be punished. The criminal justice system utilizes discretion to lessen th e pressures they have in their system. The agencies are allowed to make decisions depending on the weight of the crime convicted to the highest degree of them are placed on home correction in order to avoid the congestion of jails and other correctional facilities. Therefore, most of the times discretionary decisions are based on the limitation of resources. However, not all discretionary decisions are based on this they can also be based on politics, for example, police crackdown activities in search of something. Some people, however, argue that the use of discretion in the criminal justice system is not charming as some cases are withdrawn without a proper basis. They say that equality should be observed in the passing of judgments and that all cases should be tough in the same manner. This should not be the case because one cannot compare drunkenness while driving and a person who has been

Case Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 11

Case Analysis - Essay ExampleThis is due to pitiful costs, and a newdivisionis rapidly taking root. This paper will focus on a SWOT analysis of ISHR firm (Anja 1).Strengths of ISHR lie in the fact that they are a highly profitable firm. The company records excellent profit results from its business undertakings. The company also enjoys the benefit of having large companies such as Coca Cola and General Electric as their clients.The company lacks a chief financial officer to control and manage its finances. The companys website is also not well built. The company has a poor market strategy that relies on word of mouth and no face to face marketing. Poor marketing strategy ensures that the company has a poor relationship with its clients.ISHR firm recorded double digit growth in 2008, and this signifies that the company can improve and watch its growth financially to enable its sustainability. The company can also strengthen its business acumen by enabling a proper and robust websi te for potential clients.ISHRfirms total sales, nearly eighty percent, come from two largecorporations. The company over relies on these two clients for its financial success. This provides an extensive brat towards the company since if the two clients pull out they face a significant financial collapse.ISHR firm should focus on improving its website to allow for a more than user friendly interface that enables for easier navigation. The company should focus on networking for clients using its two prominent clients. This will ensure that they are able to spread the extraction for their sales. They should not rely entirely on the two corporations for the majority of their sales. The company can also use social sites, facebook and twitter, to reach out to prospective clients as a marketing tool. The company should develop a business think which will detail on their business activity, goals, objectives, vision and mission. A business plan

Education Essay Example for Free

Education EssayIn United Kingdom and Europe, the adults and volunteers working around the school, paid or not, have heterogeneous names learning support assistant, classroom assistant, special needs assistant, just now the most common line is the one of command assistant. The teaching assistants are rattling important in primary schools, so much that at the moment it is nearly impossible to imagine things running as efficiently as they do, without the support of the teaching assistants. In the present there is a big deficit in the chip of teachers available in primary schools, especially in the number of men working close to children of a young age. Skilled teaching assistants bring a very valuable contribution to pupils achievements within the learning environment, but their main purpose states from their name, as the term of teaching assistant indicates their role of supporting the teacher and working under his guidance. This is done by supporting pupils during the teac hing of the curriculum . Teacher assistants support the pupils by understanding their learning support needs. In order to do that, the teaching assistant needs to listen to the children, abide by and value them.They will gain the sense of independence, with the help of the school staff, especially those working close to them, such as teacher or teaching assistant. The teaching assistant has to enable the pupils entrance fee to the curriculum at all times and to encourage them by using plenty of praise and rewards. Also, every pupil essential participate fully in every lesson, and the teaching assistant must ensure that, by reminding pupils of teaching points made by the teacher, and also by organising them in appropriate play activities or games.Younger pupils should be encouraged to take turns and speak and to follow simple written instructions. The teaching assistant has to encourage the children to use of goods and services the school library at all the time and also to use s pelling aids, when necessary. All of these will encourage the pupils to gain the sense of independence and to ascend their independent learning. The teaching assistant needs to ensure that the children knows, understands and applies class and school rules. The younger pupils should be able to make choices on their own about the books and to be able to select resources independently.Older pupils should be encouraged to develop their skills and to work independently when the case, to manage own culture book and help keeping reading record up to date. The teaching assistant must help the pupils work cooperatively and encourage them to use the library independently. Children should learn to use information from heterogeneous sources and include references and to complete all tasks set in a given time. The teaching assistant must make sure that all the pupils have access to information from artefacts, charts, diagrams, and that they are able to organise and keep tidy their own work.Th e teaching assistant must provide support for the teacher, as stated from the term itself. The teacher takes full responsibility for the interactions that take place between pupils and the helping staff. The teaching assistant needs to provide general classroom help, including preparations of rooms, materials and equipment. The pupils need to be supervised by the teaching assistant and by the teacher, working together, as a team. Also, the teaching assistant needs to assist in monitoring the pupils bring forward as required by the school and in the production of teaching aids and preparation of work for pupils.

Youth is not a Time of Life Essay Example for Free

Youth is not a Time of Life EssayYouth is not a Time of Life it is a defer of Mind. It is the temperamental Predominance of courage everywhere timidity.The youth of today are not alien to anyone of us. According to some, the way our youth are faring directly classifies them as a serious problem of society.But I would like to ask these people,that how can modern youth be a problem of society when the selfsame(prenominal) youth is very much a part of society? Something which coexists and relates to our social order is to be called part of the society and so cannot be classified as a problem. The problems, which these unthinking few or many speak of, do not lie in these young people. The problems lie in the ways in which they have been guided or rather misguided.Many would agree that the Western Cultural Invasion has just left our youth clad in snap jeans and T-shirts with their heads up in the way in which they have been brought up. Children should be made to learn to distin guish between right and wrong and this responsibility lies on the shoulders of their elders. Today, an over whelming majority of the population of Pakistan is under privileged. The youth of this population does not have the means to develop and expand their horizons.Hammed in by conservative backgrounds, smothered by immoral values and then left entirely on their own, these youth are being transpired by the society they live in. So it is wrong to deem the youth the scapegoat for our own crime neglect. Our youth is an integral part of our society there is no denying that. Without them, there would be no hope left at all for the future. With proper guidance the youth of today can shape up to become the leaders of tomorrow. And to become that, our youth today involve role models more than they need critics. Youth walked slowly ahead of meLeading the way to the DawnAnd I followedFor the child is father to the man.(Khalil Jibran)

King Lear Shakespeares Essay Example for Free

world power Lear Shakespeares EssayDylan Thomass Do non go mild into that good night was influenced by William pantryman Yeatss Lapis Lazuli and William Shakespeares King Lear but the villanelle bears a stronger resemblance to Shakespeares play. The attitudes toward how an individual lives in the face of impending death, explored by Thomas, are also examined with the portrayal of Gloucester and Lear. Dylan Thomass Do not go gentle into that good night has been noted to bear the influence of and even echo W. B.Yeats, especially Lapis Luzuli, and, secondarily via this poem, Shakespeares King Lear. One scholar notes its Yeatsian oertones (Fraser 51) an early(a) judges Thomass villanelle to have much of the concentrated fury of expression which the poetry of the older Yeats contained, but to a greater extent(prenominal) tenderness and sympathy (Stanford 117), and goes on to say. , citing Lapis Lazuli, that Yeats depict the poet as one who knows that Hamlet and Lear are gay ( 118). William York Tindall cites not only Lapis Lazuli but in any case Yeatss The Choice as sources (204).Another scholar seems to skip over Yeats entirely (though his own phrasing echoes line 1 of Lapis Lazuli), seeing the Grave men/blind tercet (which contains the injunction to be gay) as perhaps invoking the Miltonic (Tindall also mentions Milton 205) and the effect of the phrase be gay as rather hysterical sentimentality (Holbrook, Dissociation 53) of the earlier Wise men/lightning verse, however, he says The images are however there, histrionically, to bring in the phrase forked no lightning to give a Lear-like grandeur to the dirge (52).I would like to propose that Do not go gentle into that good night bears a much stronger and to a greater extent direct connection to Shakespeares play than is suggested by references to Yeats or to Lear-like grandeur. I would like to propose that the attitudes towards deathor, more precisely, the attitudes towards how one lives in the face of impending deaththat Thomas explores in this poemthe implied attitude his speaker attributes to his direct audience, and the one he urges be adopted in its placeare similarly explored in King Lear and dramatized in the characters of Gloucester and Lear.I also propose that the voice we hear in Do not go gentle may not be a directly lyric speaker but an obliquely drawn persona, that of Gloucesters son Edgar. Further, when read in the shadow cast by King Lear, the tone of Thomass poem grows dark indeed. Do not go gentle into that good night is addressed to Thomass father, David John, known as D. J. According to biographer Paul Ferris, D. J. was an upset man a man with regrets (27) born with brains and literary talent, his ambition was to be a man of letters, but he was never able to antenna beyond being a sardonic provincial schoolmaster in South Wales, feared for his sharp tongue (26-33). After his first serious illness, thoughcancer in 1933A mellow is said to have been noticeabl e soon after his sarcasm was not so sharp he was a changed man (104).As he grew more chronically ill in the 40s, mostly from heart disease and with one of the complications being trouble with his sight, the mellowing intensified As Ferris puts it, It must have been D. J. s backbone of angry dignity that his son grieved to see breaking long after, when he wrote Do not go gentle into that good night (27), and the poem is an exhortation to his father, a plea for him to die with anger, not humility (259).The poem was first published in November, 1951, in Princess Caetanis Botteghe Oscure, on consecutive pages with Lament, a dramatic monologue intercommunicate by an old man on his deathbed who recalls his rollicking youth and middle-age spent in the pursuit (and capture) of wine, women, and song, but who has married at last in govern to obtain a caretaker, and must suffer pious comforting in his final, helpless days. (Bibliographic evidence suggests the two were also composed, or at l east finalized, more or less simultaneously Kidder 188.)In the letter to Caetani that contained Do not go gentle, Thomas remarked that this little one might well be printed with Lament as a contrast (qtd. in Kidder 188). As Ferris suggests, it would be difficult to over-estimate D. J. s influence on his son . . . the pattern of Dylans life was in some measure out a response to D. J. Thomas and his wishes. For the early books that Dylan Thomas read, the rhythms he absorbed, and probably for his obsession with the magic of the poets function, he was indebted to D. J. (283). Prominent among those early books read by Thomas are the works of Shakespeare.In 1948 (and Thomas might have begun his, as usual, protracted drafting and revision of Do not go gentle in 1945, after D. J. suffered a nearly fatal illness Tindall 204), Thomas wrote a journalist that D. J. s reading aloud of Shakespeare seemed to me, and to nearly every other boy in the school, very grand indeed all the boys who were with me at school, and who have spoken to me since, agree that it was his reading that made them, for the first time, see that there was, after all, something in Shakespeare and all his poetry. . . (qtd. in Ferris 33 his ellipses).That Thomas was familiar with and admiring of Shakespeare is, of course, no surprise, but his direct linkage of his father with Shakespeare, particularly at this nous in time, is interesting, and he demonstrated more than familiarity with King Lear In 1950, during one of his reading tours in America, he spent an evening with novelist Peter de Vries (who would later use Thomas as the basis for the poet Gowan McGland in Reuben, Reuben) and, among other conversational gambits, declaimed some Lear (de Vries, qtd.in Ferris 233). That he was equally well-immersed in Yeats is verified by the fact that poems by Yeats were among those he performed on his 1950 tour of

Understanding The Growth Theory By Solow Economics Essay

Understanding The Growth supposition By Solow Economics EssayRobert Solow was born of a Jewish family on August 23, 1924 in Brooklyn. Fortunate with the opportunity to attend public schools, he had a strong academic foundation along with with motivation and mentoring he was awarded a scholarship to attend Harvard University in 1940. During his newbie year at Harvard he chose sociology and anthropology as his majors with a minor in elementary economics. At the end of 1945 Robert Solow decided to serve in the US army and later returned to Harvard in 1945. The depression at the time strongly influenced him to study the way the parsimony actually worked and after returning from the army he decided to switch gears and studied economics.At Harvard he was an assistant to Wassily Leontief producing the first set of crownwork coefficient for the output and input lay sparking his interest in statistics and luck models which lead him to Columbia University for a concentration in statisti cs. About the same time he was also offered a position to lecture economics and statistics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) which he accepted and overtime his fascination leaned more with macro economics. For 40 old age Solow worked closely with Paul Samuelson and together they create numerous work together such as Balanced Growth under Constant Returns to Scale, (1953), Theory of Capital (1956) and A Complete Capital type Involving Heterogeneous Capital Goods. In 1961, Robert Solow won the John Bates Clark Award which is given to someone under 40 years who have made a major contribution to economic thought and knowledge. His continued efforts and passion for macro economics resulted to him winning the Nobel Prize in 1987 for his analysis in economic increment.Over the years Solow has continued to be a prominent figure as an economist, his theory is thought all over the world from government to his theory thought in schools. The study of the factors which permit pr oduction fruit and increased welfare has been a central feature in economic research for many years. Robert M. Solows prize recognizes his exceeding contributions in this area. This paper will discuss the major contributions Robert Solow made to economics in an A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth (1956), the influences for his analysis and its relevance in understanding how the economy works.Understanding the Solow growth theory is a challenge due to the number of models that he incorporates to explain growth theory. The basic model focuses on the accumulation of bully after which Solow incorporates new factors such as population growth and engine room in order to show the changed result in comparison to the basic model. To aid in development of his Growth Theory, Robert Solow addressed the specifics concerning the growth of an advance industrial economy, this was first developed by Nicholas Kaldor. Kaldor has six characteristics for the economy, quaternion of whic h Solow focused mainly to development the Solow model. original output grows at a constant rate.Capital Stock grows at a constant rateReal growth and detonating device storehouse are likely to be the sameProfit rates show a horizontal trend with the exception of changes in effective demand.The first three characteristics describe when an economy is in the steady press out. To expand on this definition the steady introduce as described by Robert Solow is constant growth and pileus stock.In an article, A Contribution to the theory of economic growth (1956) Solow growth model represented an addition to the Harod- Domar Model which explained growth patterns in terms of savings and capital. The main differentiation between his model and the Harrod-Domar model lay in Solows self-confidence that wages could adjust to keep outwear fully employed.The Solow Model is neo-classical and as a results focuses primarily on the supply emplacement. This implies that as long the supply of a go od increases then economic growth can be accomplished. In this aspect it differs from the Keynesian models which focus on the demand side of the economy in areas such as unemployment and inflation. The supply side In Solows model follows the following assumptions One good in production with no change in technology and two factors of production, capital (K) and labor (L) derivation the following equationY =F (K, L). The demand side for the Solow model assumes that output demand is equal to consumption and and so there is no useable income in the economy. Y= C + SThus far the model describes a stagnant economy and Solow introduces dynamic factors in the model to show capital accumulation which are investment which increases the capital stock and depreciation which decreases capital stock. The saving rate in this model represents the tradeoff between consumption and investment. This subject matter, what is non consumed is saved in the economy this therefore increases capital stock growth or capital accumulation in the economy. In the active economy in the Solow model the production changes and is represented by the equation Y=F (K, S, , k0) meaning output is a function of capital, savings, depreciation and capital stock. By utilizing the capital stock increases output in different periods but at some point the economy comes to a steady state as described by the Solow Model. The steady state is accomplished when output and capital are in equilibrium. It also implies that the economy will cease to grow so there is no change in capital at that point. Furthermore an economy in a positive steady state does not move from that point therefore this can also be considered as the equilibrium pointThe variables listed above can be divided into two variables exogenous which comprises of savings depreciation and capital stock and endogenous which are capital, income and investments. The model shows that increased savings shifts increases investments which impacts the ste ady rate causing it to shift also. This activity illustrates that higher savings in an economy gist that there is higher capital stock thus leaders to higher steady state per worker. Therefore in the economy one fatality to know that is the optimum level of savings is necessary to get to maximize steady state which is known was the golden rule.To recap, the steady state can be referred to as long run equilibrium in the economy and savings is critical in the model because it shows that by increasing savings the steady state can shift upward which asserts higher level of capital stock per worker. The concept of golden rule was also incorporated in the Solows Growth Theory but prior to that the golden rule was a concept by Jon von Neumann and later in the work of Edmund Phelps. In Solows Growth Theory, he makes the assumption that policy makers will accordingly determine a savings rate that will maximize consumption per worker referring to it as the golden level of capital accumula tion.Robert Solow did not stop here with his theory he went on further to introduce population growth in his dynamic model which also means that the labor force is growing as well. What Solow is illustrating is the effect of this exogenous factor on the population. Therefore the capital stock will be divided thin across the increasing population. Since this increase in population is decreasing the capital stock this indicates there is a negative effect on income per worker. Solow then adds technology to the model, technology as described by Solow can improve efficiency of production and this means that there is an increase in output ultimately leading to the sustained growth in the economy. At this stage in the model, Solow uses a new production function to describe the economy Y=F (K, L, E, ) this means that output is a function of capital, labor, efficiency and effective worker for this economy. Solow goes on to describe what is meant by an efficient worker and this is characteriz ed by knowledge, familiarity and ability. Output can consequently increase by the efficiency levels of workers. Efficiency in this model per effective worker can move the steady state equilibrium where capital stock per worker constant. As a result, with technological progress in this model the capital stock per worker is growing at the technology rate eventide in the steady state due to efficiency in the economy. We can see that even if capital is not growing in the steady state capital per effective worker is at the rate of technology. In addition, this also asserts that output per worker is also growing at a rate of technology. Combined, wide output and capital stock are both growing when the two variables population and technology are present. The Solow Model therefore shows that technological progress in the economy explains sustained economic growth in the context of living standards per worker.

Problems Faced Before ERP Implementation

Problems Faced Before ERP ImplementationSome selective knowledge, coming from eat R/3, goes this instant into SAP NetWeaver BI selective information marts. But the rest, which comes from diverse systems that handle billing, customer relationship management (CRM), mediation, provisioning, and prepaid gross sales, goes first to a third-party extract/transform/ interference (ETL) system. The ETL system takes the info from e truly c all(prenominal) that customers make every payment, every military service call, and more and transforms it based on commercial enterprise rules before storing it in a third-party databaseAbout assent Infocomm opinion Infocomm is the outcome of the late visionary Dhirubhai Ambanis (1932-2002) dream to herald a digital revolution in India by bringing affordable means of cultivation and communication to the doorsteps of Indias vast population.Make the tools of Infocomm available to people at an affordable bell, they will overcome the handicaps of i lliteracy and lack of mobility, Dhirubhai Ambani charted out the bursting charge for corporate trust Infocomm in late 1999. He saw in the potential of information and communication technology a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity for India to leapfrog over its historical legacy of backwardness and under founderment.Working at breakneck speed, from late 1999 to 2002 Reliance Infocomm built the backbone for a digital India 60,000 kilometres of fibre optic backbone, crisscrossing the entire country. The Reliance Infocomm pan-India network was commissioned on December 28, 2002, the 70th birth anniversary of Dhirubhai. This day also marked his first birth anniversary after his end July 6, 2002.Reliance Infocomm network is a pan India, high capacity, integrated (wireless and wireline) and convergent (voice, data and video) digital network, designed to offer services that span the entire Infocomm time cheer chain infrastructure, services for enterprises and individuals, exertions and consulting. The network is designed to deliver services that will foster a new-fangled way of life for India. enlightenclarify CRM is the proceeds of clarify Inc.Customer Relationship Management is a comprehensive business strategy, foc utilise on the process of acquiring, managing, retaining and partnering with selective customers to ca-ca superior long-term value for the accompany and the customers.In a nutshell, CRM strives to identify customers who provide the greatest return to the company, and to optimize relationships with those customers.CRM features Segmenting customersResponding uniquely to the best customersHaving a 360 degree view, of a customer measuring rod and driving wad the address of customer acquisitionAttracting customers employ the totality of the experience you provideNeed for CRMCustomers pull in the upper hand in roughly purchase transactionsThey atomic number 18 inherently less loyalThey have rising expectationsThey no longer tolerate companies tha t dont impart the basics rightAdvantages of CRMTo shit a best(p) understanding of customers wants and needsAllows companies to gather and access information about customers buying histories, preferences, complaints, and other data so they stub better forewarn what customers will want.The goal is to instill greater customer loyalty.Used in association with data wargonhousing, data mining, call centers and other intelligence-based applicationsFaster reaction to customer inquiriesIncreased efficiency by means of automationObtaining information sharable with business partnersDeeper understanding of CustomersIncreased marketing and selling opportunitiesIdentifying the some profitable customersImproved products and services through customer feedbackClarify Design PhilosophyFlexibleWherever possible rules atomic number 18 held as data in the applicationCustomizableExtremely lightsome to exchange look and functionality of screensCan add new fields, tables and relationships to the databaseUpgradeableWe want you to be able to stay current easilyHighly scaleableHigh volume with good response timesComprehensive and open data model more(prenominal) flexibility than most people needCan use any SQL-based tools for reporting, etcInternationalize faculty to deal with multi-currency, different languages, etcWorkflow orientatedStrong ownership paradigm so nothing falls through the cracksUse of standardsThe new applications include Clarify Customer Portal which stores customer information and lets customers communicate with a company via methods such as E-mail and online chat. Clarify eOrder lets customers shop online then takes monastic orders and manages them through fulfillment it works in conjunction with Clarify eConfigurator which determines customer needs and then helps configure complex products. Clarify eMerchandising lets businesses draw from customer analysis data and develop personalized marketing campaigns and product flingsClarify ApplicationsCall Center ClearCallCenterFront end for Contact Center AgentsManages overall customer interactionCan be used as sales application or as a front-end to ClearSupport for hybrid sales/service. Operates in both relationship-based call centers and high-volume, one and done sales environmentsSales Force Automation ClearSalesHandles prospects and lastsSales force automationProvides management of all aspects of the selling cycle, from lead through completed order. Provides an enterprise-wide view of sales and keep activities in accounts for on release relationship management activitiesCustomer Support ClearSupportIs a trouble management systemSingle point of contact for service requests and hassle reportingComprehensive technical support management system, Handles calls that involve service requests, doubts, etc.DSS is a data w behousing incision that caters to the needs of the management by delivering vital information to business users to make timely and accurate decisions for business growth leading to effective and efficient operations to gain a competitive edge in the marketplace.DSS is a system that Collects data from multiple sources, Summarizes data as per business needs and creates reports at business operationsDSS enables business users to centrally monitor and analyse information, monitor various levelts and enable them to react to those events by providing a single view of business information. DSS is a business-centric data warehousing department with an integrated workflow mechanism that supports streamlined business processes. It delivers high performance access to all information and applications on CRM, Billing, Product and Network domains.CRM applications delivered by a DSS enable business user to analyse number of customers, trends and usage patterns of individual customers, individual customer records, etc. It also holds information about customer service like Interaction and Cases handled by Call Center, Number of Interactions, Interaction Category, Number of Cases, Case Status, Case Category, etc.Product applications provide all pertinent information about the usage and performance of various products like SMS, R-Connect, R-World etc.Billing applications provide all pertinent information about the billing and outstanding of coast customers. It holds in information of ADC Service Status, Billing Circle, CIOU Code, Channel Code, Channel Type, City, Customer Type, No.of Invoices, and No. of compensations, OG Barred Status, OTAF Month, Payment Option, Rate Plan, Service wise, Month wise, Zero Payment wise Billing Status.DSS offers three kinds of reports namelyOLAP Reports (http//dss.ril.com/) course Intelligence Reports (http//dssbi.ril.com)Ad hoc Reports based on the data requested by the business userETLThe acronym ETL is used to describe the processes used by DSS to obtain data from impertinent sources and make it usable to the DSS applications. ETL stands for Extract, Transform and Load.Extraction is the process of selectin g and pulling data from the operational and outside(a) data sources, in order to prepare it for the warehouse. Also called Data Extraction. A good extraction is based on a Business Rule. Business rules are applied to data using constraints.There are two basic ways that the extract process is performed. Either the system providing information will demote the DSS team up a feeder file. This file will than be accepted by DSS and used to load tables. The other option is for the DSS team to write SQL cipher and actually perform in place extractions from source systems. In both of these cases, the timing, data volume estimates and source systems impacts need to be consideredTransformation is the process of manipulating data. whatsoever manipulation beyond copying is a transformation. Process includes cleansing, aggregating, and integrating data from multiple sources.Example Address1, Address2, Address3 could be concatenated as one single field.Transformation is the biggest, most comp licated, most resource intensive and most important of DSS process. The transformation takes raw, unclean, unformatted, unsynchronized, sparse, and often corrupt data sources and standardizes, cleans and play offes it up enough to make it useful for further analysis..BOBusiness Objects is a reporting tool for SQL compliant databases. It allows users to prepare custom reports from a number of databases simultaneously, which in turn facilitates advanced reporting and data analysis.Loading is the be step in the ETL process. Loading is nothing more than taking the outputs from the transformation process and place it into an Oracle table. The process of moving extracted, transformed into the data warehouse. in general the data is loaded to the Target table. Target table holds the intermediate or final results of any part of the ETL process. The target of the entire ETL process is the data warehouse.BWThe SAP Business instruction Warehouse allows you to analyze data from operative SA P applications as well as all other business applications and external data sources such as databases, online services and the Internet. The Administrator Workbench functions are designed for controlling, monitoring and maintaining all data retrieval processes.The SAP Business Information Warehouse enables Online Analytical Processing (OLAP), which processes information from large amounts of operative and historical data. OLAP technology enables multi-dimensional analyses from various business perspectives. The Business Information Warehouse Server for nerve areas and processes, pre-configured with Business Content, ensures you can look at information within the entire enterprise. In selected roles in a company, Business Content offers the information that employees need to harbor out their tasks. As well as roles, Business Content contains other pre-configured objects such as InfoCubes, queries, samara figures, characteristics that make BW death penalty easier.With the Business Explorer, the SAP Business Information Warehouse provides flexible reporting and analysis tools for analyses and decision-making support in your enterprise. You analyze the dataset of the Business Information Warehouse by defining queries for Infocubes using the BEx Query Designer. By selecting and combining InfoObjects (characteristics and key figures) or reusable structures in a query, you determine the way in which you navigate through and evaluate the data in the selected InfoProvider. The layout of the report needs to be pre-defined before design. Reports are the final deliverable to the users.The process of report definition starts with requirement and ends with its development and testing by Business Analysts. During this process the Business Analysts interacts with report developer closely and fine tunes the outcomes in a back and forth form of process. The developer in turn technically chooses the InfoObjects (characteristics and key figures) already defined in the cube tha t needs to become part of the report.BenefitsFrom the day we started operating our business, our managers had information about the traffic, how the products we launched into the market were performing, how our customers were using them, how we were acquiring new customers, and our customer interactions, Gupta explains. All these things helped us to provide services with lower costs, which is one of the reasons we were able to win the market.SAP NetWeavers ability to span corporate silos and offer a single view of corporate information lets the DSS team deliver solutions quickly and accurately. For instance, approximately 95 percent of the data is loaded from non-SAP systems, with 18 million records process daily, and SAP NetWeaver is the key factor that made Reliance Infocomms success possible.An aggregate enhances performance by duplicating the data from an InfoCube and storing it in a summarized form so you can access it quickly for reporting. If you want great performance resul ts with reports and you do use aggregates. Using SAP NetWeavers aggregate tool lets you increase flexibility while shrewd and can sometimes let you meet more than one business requirement with the same model.SAP Opportunities1. IntegrationIntegration can be the highest gather of them all. The only real project aim for implementing ERP is reducing data redundancy and redundant data entry. If this is set as a goal, to automate inventory calling card to G/L, then it might be a successful project. Those companies where integration is not so important or even dangerous tend to have a hard time with ERP. ERP does not improve the individual efficiency of users, so if they expect it, it will be a big disappointment. ERP improves the cooperation of users.2. EfficiencyGenerally, ERP packet focuses on integration and tend to not bring off about the daily needs of people. I think individual efficiency can suffer by implementing ERP. the big question with ERP is whether the benefit of int egration and cooperation can make up for the loss in personal efficiency or not.3. Cost reductionIt reduces cost only if the company took accounting and reporting seriously even before implementation and had put a lot of manual effort in it. If they didnt care about it, if they just did some simple accounting to fill mandatory statements and if internal reporting did not exists of has not been fincancially-oriented, then no cost is reduced.4. slight personnelSame as above. Less reporting or accounting personnel, but more sales assistants etc.5. AccuracyNo. People are accurate, not software. What ERP does is makes the lives of inaccurate people or organization a complete hell and whitethornbe forces them to be accurate (which means hiring more people or distributing work better), or it falls.ChallengesEven though the company started its DSS before the sales side launched, it still had to deal with multiple data sources across heterogeneous platforms a common issue for most organiz ations working with business intelligence (BI), and a challenge perfect for SAP NetWeaver Business Intelligence (SAP NetWeaver BI).Data granularity More granular models require higher data loads and more maintenance. While designing a model, its critical to keep the principles of star schema in mind. unity schema is generally considered the simplest data warehouse schema, and its characterized by very large fact tables that contain the primary information in the data warehouse in conjunction with smaller dimension tables that contain information about particular attributes of the data in the larger fact table. With this in mind, your model should achieve data summarization by a factor of 13 so that youre not working with more than 33 percent of your source data.Dimensions Group your information objects into dimensions so that each dimension has a balanced number of records, and put frequently used characteristics into one dimension so you can cut down on the number of table JOINs needed for the OLAP processor to churn out the data.Data deletion If you want to scale, you need to have a data-deletion process in place that the application owners have clearly agreed to and understood, and you need to have the deletion process in place at the role model stage.Navigational attributes By using navigational attributes in SAP NetWeaver, you can maintain data consistency when dimensions change slowly, and you can reduce data-storage requirements, but you have to analyze this during the modeling stage to get the benefits.Problemsthe company would have been forced to have multiple copies and different views of the same data.Implementation Timetable1999 Forms and begins construction of fiber-optic networks Late2002 Launches and creates first Bl application March2003 Has commercial launch Mid2003 DSS starts rolling out Bl application July2003 Gains 1 million new subscribers Late 2003/early 2004 Bl applications roll out to supererogatory locations.Six Critical Recomme ndationsGuptas initial decision-support team of three people augmented by BI consultants from around the world has now grown to 65 stave members and counting. Gupta and his DSS team offer some critically important recommendations to those planning an SAP NetWeaver BI implementation.1 Plan to scale. One way or another, all BI systems get bigger. Some get bigger because businesses keep generating data they dont really need, but most often products, pricing, and markets become increasingly complex, which is true for Reliance Infocomm. In order to compete, the company must span diverse geographies and offer a variety of products and services as business analysts identify shifting customer needs. In addition, the true growth in the number of customers presents the most obvious scalability issue. We are expecting the business to grow from 14 million customers to 20 million customers by the end of 2006, Gupta says. Those are the kinds of estimates we have to work with.2 Involve the busi ness. Simple at first glance, this fundamental rule is often overlooked but is critical to a DSS. At Reliance Infocomm, each analytic application has a business sponsor who owns the application, in addition to business analysts who help to translate the business requirements into IT implementation terms. This all affects how the DSS team sets up InfoCubes for the business units.How you model your business requirement with SAP NetWeaver is the most important thing, Gupta notes. If your model is bad, its not going to work and the information is never going to come out. So, mapping all your business objects into a multidimensional cube is the most important step and SAP NetWeavers features are excellent for modeling.When its time to pass water analytic applications, the DSS team builds only solutions that have clear business owners attached. This is critical for two reasons First, business owners come to the DSS team only with business-driven needs (as opposed to IT offering what it thinks the business might need). Second, the DSS team knows it will get launch support to correct unforeseen problems quickly, as well as see that the users start putting the applications to use. How many awesome applications are built each year that fail for lack of use or business alignment? For this DSS team, that just doesnt happen.3 Ensure data trust. Another problem with many BI installations is a lack of user trust of the systems, and it can happen at any level numbers dont match in front of a line-of-business manager or customers on the other end of the phone dispute the information available to your call-center employees. Business analysts, Gupta says, can be invaluable in resolving problems as the DSS team consolidates data from disparate systems into layers for the InfoCubes.Sometimes there can be a problem with the interpretation of the data, adds Arun Dhall, lead architect for Reliance Infocomms DSS team. For example, when you look at the number of customers acquired y esterday, people who just filled out the application form could be new customers, but as weve defined it, when a person actually registers with the network, thats when they become a customer. Its these common definitions used across the business especially when the numbers are both fundamentally accurate that build ongoing positive momentum for DSS applications.4 Delete Delete Delete At 3.5 terabytes (TB) in SAP NetWeaver and 30TB altogether, Reliance Infocomms DSS system is one of the largest in the world, but that doesnt mean it has to grow astronomically. To combat data bloat, We have very clear data-retention policies in place that decide how long the data is stored, Gupta says. We have cd million records coming over per day, so if we were going to store all this information, it would be multi-hundred TB by now.This again, Gupta says, comes back to the business owners who understand that theres a cost to keeping information and who must decide how long they really need it. Fr om an IT perspective, this policy not only keeps your data growth under control, it helps force the business managers to focus on what they really need from the DSS to achieve the desired results.5 Dont skimp on look and feel. Many in-house applications are functional, but they look terrible and are hard to understand, which can adversely affect the success of the application more than IT bugs. You should be able to make a report that is not complicated and is easy to understand, Gupta says. If you give users a complex report, they will never use it. At every level, Reliance Infocomm employees are using DSS. Part of every application rollout is end-user education, and the company is now at the point where product managers want their own data marts so they can analyze the information themselves. Also, Gupta says, the information should come out fast. The largest Reliance InfoCube has close to 1 billion rows, and yet it generates consistent response times that let employees act in les s than a minute.6 Always chase and never give up. Guptas DSS team lives by this motto, which basically means that IT is empowered to push hard to find or chase down answers to any technical question or goal. The DSS team is very persistent, Gupta says, and it comes down to a culture of believing that anything is possible.If we can think it, we can do it, says Pramod Kejriwal, development lead for the DSS team. Our philosophy is we dont debate in giving anything up very easily. The philosophy has infected the business owners, too. Anything they think they need to help do their business in a better way, they ask they should be thinking about business, not whether something is technically possible.Into the FutureFor now, the numbers clearly speak to Reliance Infocomms DSS success More than 1,500 active users across India, 250 concurrently, more than 150 applications, more than 300 online analytical processing (OLAP) reports, more than 300 SAP NetWeaver BI reports, more than 200 mont hly ad hoc reports all working with more than 24TB of data which make Reliance Infocomms DSS, an in-house implementation, one of the largest data warehouses in the world.More fundamentally important, though, is the fact that business users have adopted the DSS implementation as the single and most authentic source of corporate information, Gupta notes, which speaks to the companys ability to scale into the future.On the drawing board, Gupta looks forward to information broadcasting and implementing creative quislingism rooms using a revamped SAP NetWeaver Visual Composer (in SAP NetWeaver 2004s), management cockpit, planning and simulation model, data mining (APD), and actively working on even higher-performance analytics by using SAP Business Intelligence Accelerator (SAP BI Accelerator also part of SAP NetWeaver 2004s) as an appliance tool with break-dance hardware that can index an InfoCube, which you can then use to run very fast queries.Whatever comes next, Reliance Infocom m has used SAP NetWeaver BI to create a DSS capable of handling one of the worlds largest BI workloads both now and in the future.Challenges with SAP1. ExpensiveThis entails software, hardware, implementation, consultants, training, etc. Or you can hire a programmer or two as an employee and only buy business consulting from an outside source, do all customization and end-user training inside. That can be cost-effective.2. Not very flexibleIt depends. SAP can be configured to almost anything. In Navision one can develop almost anything in days. Other software may not be flexible.